Radiations in the Electromagnetic spectrum and their Applications

 

1) Radio Waves:
These are at  lowest range of the electromagnetic spectrum having frequencies of up to 30 billion Hz i.e 30 GHz, and have wavelengths greater than about 10 mm or 0.4 inches. Radio is used mainly for communications of data, voice and entertainment media.

2) Microwaves:
These waves fall in range of the Electromagnetic spectrum  between radio and Infrared. They have frequency range from about 3 GHz to 30 trillion hertz, or 30 terahertz (THz), and wavelengths of  10 mm (0.4 inches) to 100 micrometers (μm), or 0.004 inches. They are used for high-bandwidth communications like radar and for heat source of microwave ovens also for some industrial applications.

3) Infrared:
Infrared waves lies in the range of the EM spectrum between microwaves and visible light. They have frequency range  from about 30 THz up to about 400 THz and wavelengths of range 100 μm (0.004 inches) to 740 nanometers (nm), or 0.00003 inches. This light is invisible to human eyes, but we feel it as heat if the intensity is sufficient. 

4) Visible Light:
 It is found in the middle of the EM spectrum, between InfraRed and UltraViolet. It has frequencies of about 400 THz to 800 THz and wavelengths of about 740 nm (0.00003 inches) to 380 nm (.000015 inches). Visible light is defined as the wavelengths which are visible to humans eyes.

5) Ultraviolet:
 It is in the range of the Electromagnetic spectrum  between visible light and X-rays. It has frequency range of about 8 × 10^14 to 3 × 10^16 Hz and wavelengths of about 380 nm 
to about 10 nm (0.0000004 inches).This light is a component of sunlight; But, it is invisible to the human eye.Though It has many medical and industrial applications,it can damage living tissue.

6) X-Rays:
These are classified into two types: Soft X-rays and Hard X-rays. Soft X-rays consists of the range of the EM spectrum between UV and gamma rays. Soft X-rays have frequency range of about 3 × 10^16 to about 10^18 Hz and wavelengths of about 10 nm (4 × 10^−7 inches) to about 100 picometers (pm), or 4 × 10^−8 inches. Hard X-rays occupy the region of the EM spectrum as gamma rays. The difference between them is  source of origin: X-rays are produced by accelerating or moving electrons while gamma rays are produced from atomic nuclei.a

7) Gamma Rays:
These are in the range of the Electromagnetic spectrum above the soft X-rays. Gamma-rays have frequency range more than about 10^18 Hz and wavelengths of less than 100 pm 4 × 10^−9 inches. These radiation causes lot of damage to living tissue, which is also useful for killing cancerous cells . But, Uncontrolled exposure is extremely dangerous to humans cells and life. 



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